Specificity of association in epidemiology
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract The epidemiologist Bradford Hill famously argued that in epidemiology, specificity of association (roughly, the fact an environmental or behavioral risk factor is associated with just one at most a few medical outcomes) strong evidence causation. Prominent epidemiologists have dismissed Hill’s claim on ground it relies dubious `one-cause effect’ model disease paper examines this methodological controversy, and argues considerations do useful role to play causal inference epidemiology. More precisely, I argue help solve pervasive inferential problem contemporary epidemiology: determining whether exposure-outcome correlation might be due confounding by social factor. This examination has interesting consequences for our understanding methodology It highlights how epidemiology local tools designed address specific problems peculiar discipline, shows observational can proceed little prior knowledge structure phenomenon investigated. also cannot (despite claims contrary) entirely explained terms Woodward’s well-known concept “one-to-one” specificity. because as understood depends exposure (or outcome) `heterogeneous’ set variables. dimension heterogeneity not captured notion, but crucial evidential import association.
منابع مشابه
the study of aaag repeat polymorphism in promoter of errg gene and its association with the risk of breast cancer in isfahan region
چکیده: سرطان پستان دومین عامل مرگ مرتبط با سرطان در خانم ها است. از آنجا که سرطان پستان یک تومور وابسته به هورمون است، می تواند توسط وضعیت هورمون های استروئیدی شامل استروژن و پروژسترون تنظیم شود. استروژن نقش مهمی در توسعه و پیشرفت سرطان پستان ایفا می کند و تاثیر خود را روی بیان ژن های هدف از طریق گیرنده های استروژن اعمال می کند. اما گروه دیگری از گیرنده های هسته ای به نام گیرنده های مرتبط به ا...
15 صفحه اولEpidemiology of Malaria in Kashan
ABSTRACT Every year in the city of Kashan various number of cases of malaria has been observed. Determination of the prevalence of the disease and the carriers in this area of the country can play a significant role in employing preventive measure as well as in managing logistic services. Through applying retrospective descriptive methods and based on the statistics reported from the Center o...
متن کاملEpidemiology of UDT In Students of Tehran
SUMMARY With the aim of surgical epidemiology nature of undescended testis, we examined 8034 school age boys in the city of Tehran. We invatted affected persons to Loghman-e-Hakim Medical Center for repeated examination and further diagnostic investigations, results are: Among 8034 persons 82 had undescended testis, it means 1 .02 % , 56 % are in the right, and 33% in the left, 11 % are...
متن کاملSensitivity And Specificity Of Procalcitonin In Diagnosis Of Neonatal Sepsis
Background and Objective: According to the fact that neonatal infection is a challenging diagnosis field, several studies have tried to test sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests. This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin (PCT) as a single early marker of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 150 neonates admitted to NIC...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Synthese
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0039-7857', '1573-0964']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03944-z